인디언 살인마 앤드루 잭슨의 결투 행위가 왜 그렇게 불명예스럽다고 여겨졌고, 동시대 사람들은 찰스 디킨슨의 결투 행위를 어떻게 봤을까? / 미국 대통령 중 살인 행위를 한 인물들
- 아내 관련 문제는 계속해서 그를 괴롭혀서, 대통령 선거 때에도 간통한 자를 리더로 뽑을 수 있냐는 반대파들의 네거티브 공격에 시달려야 했다.[12] 그리고 하필 잭슨이 대통령이 되기 2달여전 아내가 심장마비로 급사하면서, 잭슨은 당시 이 문제를 네거티브에 활용한 애덤스 측을 증오했다고 한다. 사실 후보간에는 네거티브를 자제하는 편이었으나, 지지자들이 가만있지 않았다.[13] 하여튼 대통령이 된 이후, 잭슨은 백악관에 아내가 생전 좋아한 목련 묘목을 가져와 이른바 '잭슨 목련'을 심고 아내를 그리워했다. 참고로 잭슨은 재혼도 안하고 자식도 없었기에 당선 이후 퍼스트 레이디는 조카가 맡았다. 잭슨은 사후 아내와 합장되었다.
- 잭슨이 생전에 치렀던 몇몇 파란만장한 결투의 역사를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 후술된 결투 등으로 잭슨은 재임 기간 내내 몸 속에 총알 2발을 박고 살았다. 첫번째 부상은 찰스 디킨슨과 결투에서 디킨슨이 쏜 총에 가슴뼈를 맞았는데 당시 총의 기술력이 낮아서 가슴뼈를 뚫지 못하고 총알이 산산히 부서졌다고 한다. 나머지 한 발은 벤턴 형제와의 결투 중 왼쪽 팔에 맞은 총알이었다.
- 1803년 테네시 주지사 존 세비어와 결투. 둘 다 다치지 않았음.
- 1806년 내슈빌의 부호 찰스 디킨슨과 결투. 원인은 위에 언급된 아내 일로 찰스 디킨슨이 지역 신문을 통해 잭슨을 공격했기 때문이다. 잭슨은 디킨슨의 총에 가슴뼈를 다치고 디킨슨은 사망.
- 1813년 토머스 벤턴, 제시 벤턴 형제와 현피. 왼쪽 팔에 총알을 맞음.
- 암살 시도도 있었으나 실패했다. 대통령 시절 잭슨을 암살하려던 도장공인 리처드 로런스(Richard Lawrence, 1800 ~ 1861)가 암살을 시도했으나 실패했다. 참고로 이 사건은 미국 역사상 최초의 대통령 암살 시도 사건이기도 하다. 당시 로런스는 두 정의 총을 준비했다가 잭슨이 나타나자 첫 번째 총을 그의 등 뒤에서 발사하였는데 불발되었다. 그러자 곧바로 두 번째 총을 뽑아 발사했는데 또 다시 불발되었다. 당시 날씨가 습해서 권총 2정이 모두 격발 불량을 일으킨 것이 원인이었다.[14] 암살이 실패한 이후, 잭슨은 곧바로 자기 지팡이를 들고 리처드 로런스를 쫓아가 패려고 했다. 당황한 로런스는 도주하다가 얼마 안 가 잡혔다고 한다. 대통령의 측근들이 화난 잭슨을 진정시키기 위해서 애를 쓴 것은 덤이다. #[15]
- 위에 서술되었다시피, 성격이 굉장히 다혈질이라 입도 험해서 욕을 자주 내뱉었다고 한다. 그런데 문제는 그의 앵무새 '폴'이 주인을 보고 배웠다는 것. 얼마나 욕을 입에 달고 살았는지, 앤드루 잭슨의 장례식 당일 폴이 욕을 퍼붓는 바람에 장례식 기간 동안 격리된 적도 있었다.
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/41jqqo/why_was_andrew_jacksons_dueling_behavior/?tl=ko
Jackson은 "부정"한 몇 가지 일을 했습니다. 하나는 사소한 것이었고, 다른 하나는 매우 눈살을 찌푸렸지만 결투 규정에서 반드시 금지된 것은 아니었고, 다른 하나는 결투 규칙을 명백히 위반한 것이었습니다.
간단히 말해서, Dickinson은 '명사수'로 알려졌습니다. Jackson도 꽤 잘했지만 시력이 좋지 않았고, 결투 중에는 안경을 쓰지 않았습니다. 결투가 시간이 지남에 따라 칼에서 권총으로 바뀐 주된 이유가 기술의 불일치를 줄이기 위한 것이었고, 결투를 둘러싼 에티켓은 이를 더욱 최소화하기 위한 것이었음을 명심하십시오. 두 명의 결투자가 신호를 기다렸다가 총을 꺼내 재빨리 쏘는 모습을 상상할 수 있을 것입니다. 조준하는 데 시간을 들이는 것은 매우 어색했고, 그 이상으로 결투 전에 사격술을 연습하는 것조차 큰 금지 사항으로 여겨졌습니다.
하지만 Jackson은 피를 원했습니다. Dickinson이 그의 아내를 모욕했고 Jackson은 그녀에게 매우 애착을 느꼈기 때문에 그의 남자를 확실히 맞히고 싶었습니다. 그래서 그들이 대결하고 신호가 주어졌을 때 Dickinson은 즉시 발사하여 Jackson을 쳐서 갈비뼈 두 개를 부러뜨렸지만 쓰러뜨리지는 못했습니다. Jackson은 발사하지 않았습니다. 부상에도 불구하고 그는 이제 권총을 겨누고 무기가 아닌 손을 가슴에 대고 조심스럽게 조준했습니다. Dickinson은 잠시 물러서려고 시도했고, 그가 Jackson을 맞혔는지조차 확신하지 못했다는 설명이 있는 것 같습니다. 그는 결투 규정을 어기지 않도록 초에 의해 자신의 표적으로 즉시 돌아갔습니다.
이 시점에서 Jackson은 분명히 부적절하게 행동했지만, Irish Code Duello로 가장 잘 나타나는 결투 규정을 명시적으로 위반하지는 않았습니다. 그는 어쩌면 만남의 정신을 어겼지만, 합의된 명시적인 규칙을 어기지는 않았습니다. 그러나 그는 방아쇠를 당겼습니다. 아무 일도 일어나지 않았습니다! 그는 권총을 제대로 장전하지 않았고, 이것은 매우 명백한 상황입니다.
모든 경우에 발사 실패는 사격과 동일하며, 찰칵 소리나 장전 실패는 발사 실패로 간주됩니다.
다시 말해, 그는 차례를 가졌고, 그가 다시 기회를 얻으려면 또 다른 사격 교환이 필요했습니다. 그 시점에서 초가 개입했어야 했지만, 그들이 그렇게 하기 전에 그는 권총을 다시 장전하고 다시 조준하여 발사했습니다. Dickinson은 맞았고 부상으로 사망했습니다. 그 후 Jackson은 "그가 내 뇌를 쐈더라도, 나는 여전히 그를 죽였을 것입니다"라고 말했습니다. 그래서 그가 이것에 대해 얼마나 결연했는지 알 수 있습니다. Jackson에게 부과된 추가 혐의는 그의 비교적 작은 몸에 큰 망토를 입었다는 것입니다. 펄럭이는 의복은 Jackson의 몸을 가렸고, 일부에 따르면 Jackson이 더 잘 맞는 옷을 입었다면 Dickinson의 총알은 Jackson의 심장에서 즉사했을 것입니다.
Jackson은 살인자로 불릴 것입니다. 왜냐하면 이런 일들이 이상하게 여겨졌기 때문에, 결투에서 Dickinson을 죽이는 것은 완벽하게 괜찮았지만, 결투의 제약 밖에서 그렇게 했을 때는 살인이 되었기 때문입니다. 그러나 그는 이 문제로 법정에 소환되지 않았습니다. 그래서 그것이 전부입니다. Jackson은 두 가지 에티켓 위반을 저질렀습니다. 즉, 조심스럽게 조준하고 크고 큰 코트를 입는 것과 결투 규칙의 주요 위반인 발사 실패 후 재발사하는 것이었고, '여론 법정'은 이에 대해 기뻐하지 않았습니다. 그가 법정에 소환되었다면, 결투자들이 배심원단으로부터 기껏해야 손목을 때리는 정도의 처벌을 받았을 것이고, 그것만으로도 더 심각한 혐의로 유죄 판결을 받기에 충분했을 것입니다. 흥미롭게도, 저는 Jackson이 첫 번째 발사에 실패했을 때 결투가 공정하도록 보장하고 개입해야 할 의무를 다하지 못한 Dickinson의 초에게 무슨 일이 일어났는지에 대해 읽어본 적이 없습니다.
Barbara Holland의 Gentlemen's Blood
Martyn Beardsley의 A Matter of Honour
Robert Baldick의 The Duel
Jon Meacham의 American Lion
https://www.reddit.com/r/todayilearned/comments/2tqm5v/til_president_andrew_jackson_was_involved_in_as/?tl=ko
Sherlock633
11년 전
만약 니 와이프 명예를 100명의 남자들로부터 지켜야 한다면... 아마 걔는 성질 더러운 여자일걸.
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11년 전
잭슨은 아내의 두 번째 남편이었어. 그녀의 첫 번째 결혼은 불행했고 이혼으로 끝났지. 잭슨은 이혼이 마무리되기 전에 그녀와 결혼했는데 (그가 당시 이걸 알고 있었는지 아니면 속았는지에 대한 논쟁이 있어), 그녀를 일시적으로 중혼자로 만들었어. 중혼은 불법이었기 때문에 그들의 결혼은 무효였고, 몇 년 후에 "재"결혼할 때까지 그 부부는 간통자이기도 했지.
잭슨은 평생 동안 중혼과 간통 혐의에 시달렸어. 이것은 1828년 대통령 선거에서 존 Q. 아담스가 잭슨을 공격하는 핵심이었지. 선거 운동의 스트레스와 끊임없는 공격은 잭슨의 아내가 그 직후 심장마비로 사망할 정도였어. 아내를 끔찍이 사랑했던 잭슨은 아담스나 그의 지지자 헨리 클레이를 절대 용서하지 않았어.
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11년 전
그가 그의 아내가 매력적인 여자가 아니라는 걸 말하는 걸 깜빡했네, 그리고 사람들은 종종 잭슨이 못생긴 사람이랑 불법으로 바람을 피웠다고 지적하곤 했지. 누가 못생겼는데.
gunduzyavuzer
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11년 전
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11년 전
에 수정됨
아니, 결투가 항상 "내 아버지를 모욕했으니, 죽음을 각오해라." 이런 건 아니었어.
어떤 건 죽음으로 끝나고, 어떤 건 살갗에 상처만 남고, 또 어떤 건 아무런 부상도 없이 끝나기도 했지.
결투는 양쪽 다 총을 쏘면 끝났어. 목적은 종종 상대방이 얼마나 심각하게 당신을 모욕했는지 보여주는 거였지, 그들을 죽이는 게 아니었어. 많은 결투가 상대방이 엉터리 총을 쏘고, 화가 난 사람이 공중에 총을 쏴서 결투를 끝내는 걸로 끝났어. 이건 기본적으로 '네가 한 짓은 엿 같지만, 여기서 너 자신을 위해 나선 건 존중한다.' 이런 의미였지.
수정: 그의 결투가 모두 총을 사용한 건 아닐 수도 있어. 나는 근접 결투에 대해서는 잘 모르지만, 아마 비슷한 상황이었을 거야: 어떤 건 첫 피를 보고 끝나고, 어떤 건 죽음으로 끝나고, 어떤 건 시작하기도 전에 끝나고.
아니. 검투사 시합처럼 치명률은 예상보다 훨씬 낮았어. 명예가 제일 중요했지. 가끔 그냥 나타나서 권총을 하늘에 쏘는 사람들도 있었어. 다 이기는 거지, 명예 회복, 체면 유지, 가슴에 납탄도 없고.
그는 꽤 오랫동안 군인이었으니까, 분명 손에 피는 좀 묻었을 거야.
Occasional_Enterest
11년 전
덧붙이는 말 - 왠지 앤드류 잭슨을 항상 "갱스 오브 뉴욕"의 정육점 주인으로 상상하게 돼.
u/egonil 님의 아바타입니다
egonil
11년 전
여러모로 그는 정육점 주인이었어.
mystical-me
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11년 전
오늘 배운 내용(TIL)은 역사의 중요한 부분을 빼먹었네; 1806년 잭슨의 결투 전략 말이야. 잭슨의 계획은 상대방 찰스 디킨슨이 먼저 쏘게 하고, 그 다음에 자기가 쏘는 거였어. 디킨슨이 먼저 쐈고, 앤드루 잭슨의 가슴을 정확히 맞췄지. 결투 규칙상, 상대방이 조준하는 동안 가만히 서 있어야 해. 잭슨은 이미 총을 맞았지만, 천천히 총을 조준해서 디킨슨을 즉사시켰어. 이 때문에 테네시 사회 상류층은 그의 거친 행동에 분노했지.
davewashere
레미니가 쓴 앤드루 잭슨 3권짜리 세트를 읽었는데, 결투가 100번 가까이 있었다는 기억은 안 나네. 기껏해야 12번 정도였을 걸. 결투는 진지하고 위험한 일이었지, 그냥 토요일 밤에 시간 때우는 그런 거 아니었어.
Africa_versus_NASA
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11년 전
Mashable을 통해 Cracked를 소스로 사용하는 건 좀 약하네. Cracked 기사 자체에서 "어떤 사람들은" 잭슨이 100번의 결투에 연루되었다고 말하고, 다른 사람들(흠흠 역사학자들)은 12번 정도라고 말한다고 언급하고 있잖아. 결투에 연루되었다는 게 꼭 잭슨이 싸웠다는 걸 의미하는 건 아니라는 점을 알아두는 게 좋겠어. 그는 판사나 조력자 역할을 했을 수도 있거든. 그리고 그 시대의 대부분의 결투는 죽거나 다치는 결과로 이어지지도 않았어. 그냥 둘 다 총을 쏘지 않고 문제를 해결하거나, 일부러 빗나가는 경우가 더 많았지.
일반적으로 사람들은 죽고 싶어 하지 않았어. 그냥 명예를 위해서라면 죽거나 죽일 각오가 되어 있다는 모습을 보여주고 싶어 했을 뿐이지. 잭슨이 실제로 누군가를 고의로 죽인 단 한 번의 결투로 인해 엄청난 스캔들이 터졌을 정도였으니까.
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ninjaface
•
11년 전
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11년 전
에 수정됨
결투 100번? 걔 완전 예민했나 보네.
어떤 놈: 야 앤디, 니 와이프한테 안부 전해달라고 해. 잘 지내? AJ: 방금 뭐라 씨부렸어?
어떤 놈 (당황): 어, 그냥 "안녕"이라고 했는데요. AJ: 그럴 줄 알았어, 썅. 시작이다. 새벽에 결투다!!! 어떤 놈 (겁먹음): 야, 잠깐만. 진정해, 난... AJ: 새벽!!!
(혼잣말로 중얼거리며 떠남): 거기 있어, 썅.
편집: 제대로 된 결투 에티켓에 대해 메시지 보내면서 내가 틀렸다고 하는 사람들 너무 웃겨. 가짜 농담 대화가 정확한지 확인하는 너희들 짱이다.
ㅋㅋㅋ.
bthomastn
11년 전
결투는 정오에 이루어졌는데, 해가 가장 높이 떴을 때였지. 새벽에 했다면, 한 사람은 눈이 부실 테고, 불공평한 이점이 생기잖아.
그래서 서부의 모든 결투가 "하이 눈"에 이루어진 거야.
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1mpx0p/which_us_presidents_have_killed_someone_directly/
Which US presidents have killed someone directly?
This is something slightly morbid that I used to wonder at my old job when the shop was slow. Of course just about every president has killed someone indirectly by ordering some sort of (often necessary) military action, but which ones have actually pulled the trigger in the literal sense? In order to define what I mean by "directly" a bit more, I'm going to say that dropping a bomb or firing a torpedo is the least direct kill I'm going to count.
Some examples, off the top of my head:
I think George Bush I had some kills as a pilot in WWII (Wiki said he personally dropped bombs on at least one occasion).
Between the Spanish-American war and his time in the NYPD, there is no way Teddy Roosevelt killed fewer than half a dozen men.
Jackson was in plenty of duels, and of course, combat.
Between the French & Indian War and the Revolution, I can't imagine Washington never killing anyone.
There's plenty of others that I know were in the military, but I couldn't tell you if they actually killed anyone.
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Georgy_K_Zhukov
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As mentioned by u/Brian5476, Grover Cleveland served as an executioner for a time.
You also have Jackson, Teddy and Bush listed. Jackson we know killed while dueling, and I agree that the war time service of Teddy and Bush allow for a conclusion of likelihood. I think that for the majority of Presidents, that is the best we can do though, guessing based on wartime service.
Garfield, Hayes, McKinley and Harrison all served in the Civil War. McKinley enlisted as a private, saw significant action and ended his career with a commission as major! You don't get brevetted for being a poor soldier, so while I don't know if it is specifically recorded that he killed a man, there is a strong likelihood of it. The rest of them started as officers however, and those three ended the war as Generals. While they certainly saw action, it is less likely that a Col. is personally shooting at the enemy. Chester A. Arthur also served, but he never went to the front, having been a quartermaster. Johnson held a rank during that time, but was a military governor, not a field commander.
I don't mention Grant there because he was in high command, but he was in combat during the Mexican-American War. Reading up on his service there, it seems that he assisted in crewing a howitzer at one point, which should have caused some casualties I would think. Franklin Pierce also served during that war, but as a General, likely wasn't doing any shooting himself.
Serving during the Revolution, Monroe was a young man who saw action as an officer. Again, not being in the ranks, I'd be less certain saying he personally shot a Redcoat or a Hessian, but we do know he was wounded in action. Washington certainly wasn't shooting anyone during the Revolution I would think, but as a young officer during the French and Indian War, I would give him the same "?" as Monroe.
William Henry Harrison was a celebrated war hero, fighting Indians, as well as during the War of 1812. He was a commander, but at Tippecanoe, I know he was quite close to the fighting. Whether he discharged his pistol at the enemy though, I can't tell you. Joining him in the War of 1812 were Buchanan, Tyler and Taylor. Buchanan fought against the British as a young private in Baltimore, but Tyler seems to have never seen action. Taylor fought Indians, the British, and later in Mexico, and was quite the seasoned soldier. He was at least as likely as Harrison, if not more so, having been relatively junior in rank at the time of his earliest engagements.
World War I saw service from Harry Truman, who, in command of artillery, certainly gave direct orders which resulted in killing the enemy. He may even have been the one to pull the trigger. Ike wouldn't have seen action in WWII, and didn't have a chance to in WWI either.
Serving in World War II were a number of presidents besides him. JFK, LBJ, Ford, Nixon, Bush I, Carter and Reagan all were in uniform at that time. Carter missed the war though, having been at the academy. Reagan spent his time making films. Likewise Nixon, while in theater, avoided combat while managing logistics in the Navy, and as for Johnson, he came under fire while on a transport aircraft according to him, but others dispute that. Regardless, he was high ranking and didn't fight personally. Most likely candidates for having shot at the enemy during WWII are JFK - on a small PT Boat, Bush -as you mention, and Ford - who was part of an AA battery on a naval ship that saw action.
So there we have it. I left of Presidents who served only during peace time. While this doesn't directly answer your question, it does at least give us some idea as to who was most likely. Many Presidents served in the military during war, but as we can see, not all of them were ever near the front, and many who were held high rank at the time, so would have been more concerned with directing around others than firing at the enemy. The further back we go though, the more likely a General might have caught sight of the enemy. WH Harrison much more likely shot at an attacking Indian than Ike even being in a position where he could have attempted a sniper shot had he been inclined to.
The most likely candidates for having taken a life, directly, in wartime are those who were young and either a junior officer or an enlisted man when they saw combat. I would put this shorter list (not in any real order) as including Truman, Ford, Bush, JFK, Monroe, Buchanan, Taylor, Teddy, Grant and McKinley. That isn't to say General Pierce didn't, but the likelihood is much less. The simple fact is that most of these men were young and unknown during that time, so we have no record aside from personal recollections - Teddy for instance claimed to have shot a Spaniard, but I don't know if his account is corroborated. At that time in warfare, it was often hard to tell if your single shot in a volley of many killed anyone, so some of them most likely never knew themselves, and even if they did, I couldn't dig up them recounting it in their later years.
I hope you'll forgive this not really answering your question, but outside of Cleveland and Jackson, that seems to be the best we can really do, since those two could personally have attested to directly killing a man, while the rest, unless there is a source I'm missing, simply lack anything as definitive.
Edit: Jackson's kill count, and spelling.
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CaptainJAmazing
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Very thorough, thanks! Didn't think about how unclear it can be, even to the shooter, if they've killed someone in war.
I recall author and Vietnam vet Tim O'Brien speaking at my college when I was a student there and he honestly didn't know at all, even though he was in pretty close combat. Essentially, he was in a group of Americans shooting at a group of North Vietnamese, and two or three of the enemy soldiers were killed. It was very chaotic, they all fired quite a bit, and he'd never know if it was him or someone else who killed them.
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u/Georgy_K_Zhukov 님의 아바타입니다
Georgy_K_Zhukov
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Glad to help with what little I could.
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Irishfafnir
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Unless I am mistaken we know of only one man Jackson killed in a duel.
I'd also add one interesting tidbit is that popular opinion of the day held that Richard Johnson ( Van Buren's Vice President) personally killed Tecumseh.
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Georgy_K_Zhukov
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If we get to count VPs, then don't forget Aaron Burr!
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Irishfafnir
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Monroe's only personal experience with combat was charging a hessian cannon, he was gravely wounded before reaching the position and nearly died on the spot. I think you can safely remove him from the list of those who may have killed someone
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Georgy_K_Zhukov
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12년 전
I'll transfer him to the list of brave fools instead then, I guess!
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I feel like Teddy Roosevelt had to have offed someone at some point.
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Georgy_K_Zhukov
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Gah! I mentioned him in the beginning, and then plum forgot to list him again in the conclusion! He fought at San Juan Hill, and led the charge up Kettle Hill. I believe that he claimed to have shot a few of the defenders personally, but I'm not certain about that, and have been unable to track down confirmation of it.
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I was surprised to learn that Eisenhower never saw combat. After reading through his military experience on Wikipedia entry I found it surprising that someone who would end up as the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces would have never been on a battlefield his entire military career.
An aside, but I was wondering how common this is. I would assume most high ranking military commanders would have seen action at some point in their career.
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ben70
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Why?
A few years after I left the enlisted world, I heard a major talking about briefing a general. 'Let's not get bogged down in minutae, remember, I'm a general.'
War was different six decades ago, but different in that there was a front line, and there were HQ areas.
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Intelligenttrees
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Wow, that was really interesting and informative. This is something I've always wondered about as well. Thanks for such a great answer
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Georgy_K_Zhukov
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Glad to be of service.
Just keep in mind that this isn't a definitive answer to the question, merely an evaluation of the likelihood that, in their military service, they would have been in a position where they might have shot at the enemy. And even then, who knows if they hit anyone.
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TMWNN
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12년 전
Serving in World War II were a number of presidents besides [Eisenhower]him. JFK, LBJ, Ford, Nixon, Bush I, Carter and Reagan all were in uniform at that time.
Contrast this with Canada. The last Canadian Prime Minister to have served in the military is Lester Pearson (!), in World War I. Even more amazingly, no Canadian PM served in World War II; this is largely due to the two decades Trudeau (who got himself expelled from officer training during the war) spent in office.
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TheLastSparten
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From that list it looks like alot of presidents served in the military at some point. Is that actually how it was or is it just the list making it appear that way?
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u/Georgy_K_Zhukov 님의 아바타입니다
Georgy_K_Zhukov
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12년 전
It was and is quite common. I only listed Presidents who served in wartime, a few more served during peacetime only. Of the post-WW2 era, for instance, Obama and Clinton are the only Presidents who didn't don a military uniform at some point. The time with the least vetrans in office would be the early half of the 20th century. Between Teddy and Truman, none of the Presidents - Taft, Wilson, Harding and Coolidge, Hoover and FDR - were vets. They make up the single largest block, and that list is rounded out with both Adams, van Buren, and Cleaveland.
The clear majority of Presidents had some sort of military service. I would also point out that until recent times, most major conflicts have seen one of the primary commanders ascend to the Presidency. Prior to Korea, WW1 was the only war to not see it happen (and I'm just guessing, but I feel Pershing could have won if he ran).
Revolution = Washington 1812 = Jackson and Harrison Mexican-American = Taylor Civil War = Grant Spanish-American War = TR WWI = None WW2 = Ike
From Korea onwards, American military conflicts have not resulted in a military hero who used his popularity to move into politics and the White House. Not really sure what we can take away from that, but I think it to be marginally interesting at least.
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u/brian5476 님의 아바타입니다
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One example I can think of is President Grover Cleveland. While he now is known mainly for serving two non-consecutive terms and for having a bastard son, he was also the Sheriff of Erie County, New York, before becoming President. As Sheriff, he wanted to show his men that he would never ask of them something he couldn't do himself. Thus he personally executed by hanging two criminals who had been convicted of murder. While this wasn't over the course of military action (Cleveland had hired a substitute during the Civil War instead of serving himself), it definitely counts as killing someone.
Edit: I know people don't necessarily like Wikipedia as a source, so here is another article about Cleveland executing John Gaffney.
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CaptainJAmazing
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Thought about putting in a sidenote mentioning they'd most likely have to be legal kills in order to get elected. Killing in things like war, law enforcement, spy work (CIA, etc.), duels, and accidents. Didn't think of "executioner" as one.
Edit: Self defense and private security/detective work would also involve legal deaths, but I don't know of any Presidents doing those things.
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u/raff_riff 님의 아바타입니다
raff_riff
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12년 전
Your question has already been answered pretty thoroughly, so I hope it's appropriate to divert slightly from your question with some relevant trivia:
Former First Lady Laura Bush killed a person when she was in high school by causing a car accident in which she ran a stop sign.
Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/28/books/28laura.html?_r=0
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CaptainJAmazing
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Yep, thought about mentioning that as an aside, but I wanted to keep the original post brief.
Other thing I thought about posting was that some nutjob once challenged a pre-Presidential Lincoln to a duel, but chickened out at the last minute (and I mean after Lincoln had arrived and already had the sword in his hand).
EDIT: Rewording
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roastbeeftacohat
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12년 전
Franklin Pierce allegedly ran down a woman on his horse, but the charges were dropped.
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u/Georgy_K_Zhukov 님의 아바타입니다
Georgy_K_Zhukov
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12년 전
Mental Floss isn't exactly the most authoritative site, but they quote a Pierce Biographer on that:
Another story -- that Pierce ran over an elderly woman with his carriage -- is almost certainly false, according to historian Peter Wallner, whose Franklin Pierce: Martyr for the Union (Plaidswede) was published this year. "The fact that there are no newspaper stories about the accident and it wasn't mentioned in any correspondence convinced me that it probably didn't happen," Wallner told me.
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Khalexus
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12년 전
Apologies if this comment breaks a subreddit rule, I'm not sure if it does. But I was wondering if anyone could answer this same question regarding Australian Prime Ministers?
A cursory look through Wikipedia shows a number of Australian PMs who have served in the military, though like some of the other comments have said about US Presidents, not all served as fighters or otherwise in combat and it's hard to tell who may have killed someone.
It looks like Harold Holt served as a gunner, but I wasn't able to tell if he had seen much combat.
John Gorton was a fighter pilot and seemed to have been in a couple of dogfights, but was involved in three serious crashes. Doesn't look like he served very successfully as a fighter, but again I can't really tell from a cursory look.
Gough Whitlam served as a bomber in WWII and conducted some bombing raids, so I suppose we can guess it's likely he may have made at least one kill through a bomb, though that only counts as the least-direct kill according to OPs post.
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I know that George Washington had to confess to the murder of ten men. All I know is that it was a French exploration camp. While leading an expedition with Edward Braddock, I think George was in his 20's at the time.
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raff_riff
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12년 전
Source?
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Georgy_K_Zhukov
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12년 전
By men under his command though. Not that he personally killed them all.
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CaptainJAmazing
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I've looked into it a bit, and it sounds like a skirmish during the leadup to (or maybe technically the first battle of) the F&I War. From Wiki:
On May 23, Contrecœur, now in command at Fort Duquesne, sent Joseph Coulon de Villiers de Jumonville with 35 Canadiens to see if Washington had entered French territory, and with a summons to order Washington's troops out; this summons was similar in nature to the one Washington had delivered to them in 1753.[28] On May 27, Washington was told by Christopher Gist that a French party numbering about 50 was in the area. In response, Washington sent 75 men with Gist to find them.[29] That evening, Washington received a message from Tanacharison, informing him that he had found the Canadien camp, and that the two of them should meet. Despite the fact that he had just sent another group in pursuit of the French, Washington went with a detachment of 40 men to meet with Tanacharison. The Mingo leader had with him 12 warriors, two of whom were boys. After discussing the matter, the two leaders agreed to make an attack on the Canadiens.[30]
Washington and Tanacharison then ambushed Jumonville's party, sneaking up and surrounding the French camp. Some were still asleep, others preparing breakfast, when without warning, Washington gave the order to fire. Those who escaped the volley scrambled for their weapons, but were swiftly overwhelmed. Ten of the French, including Jumonville, were killed, one was wounded, and all but one (who escaped to warn the French commander at Fort Duquesne) of the rest were taken prisoner.[31]
The exact circumstances of Jumonville's death are disputed. Contrecœur claimed that Jumonville and most of the other wounded French were massacred in cold blood by British musket fire after having surrendered;[31] Washington claimed in his account that Jumonville was killed, but did not give any details.[32] Other accounts claimed that Tanacharison tomahawked Jumonville while he (Jumonville) was reading the summons.[33] When the British left the battlefield to return to their camp at Great Meadows, they did not bury any of the French dead.[31]
(Snip)
Not long afterward, a force of 700 French and Indians surrounded the fort, and Washington was soon compelled to surrender. The surrender document that Washington signed prevented his men from returning to the Ohio Country for one year, and included an admission that Jumonville had been "assassinated".[38] (The document was written in French, which Washington could not read, and may have been poorly translated for him.)[39]
It's all at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_in_the_French_and_Indian_War if you want to read it for yourself. There's also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Jumonville_Glen focused on the exact battle. This entry specifically has accounts of Washington ordering his company to fire, but I didn't see any mention of him doing any firing himself. So this doesn't really change his status of "could have possibly killed someone, but mostly ordered others to do so."
TL;DR would be that in the runup to the F&I War, Washington ordered his company to fire on a French encampment after they tried to read a summons telling them they were in (actually disputed) French territory. When his fort was captured by French forces a few weeks later, Washington signed a surrender agreement that he may or may not have understood saying that they had assassinated the encampment's leader.
EDIT: Formatting.
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CaptainJAmazing
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OK, to sum up what we have so far (feel free to dispute these and I'll make edits):
DEFINITELY: Jackson (duel), Cleveland (executioner duty while a sheriff), T. Roosevelt (CMoH citation specifically mentions him killing a Spaniard)
VERY LIKELY: Taylor, Buchanan, Grant, McKinley, Truman, JFK, Ford, Bush Sr.
POSSIBLE: Washington, Pierce, Monroe, Harrison
TINY CHANCE: Madison (Short-lived War of 1812 militia), Tyler, Arthur, Johnson
EDIT: Moved Arthur and corrected Cleveland.
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Teddy Roosevelt was not an NYPD cop, but a civilian assistant commissioner. Even if he had been a cop, the overwhelming majority of cops never kill anyone or even fire their gun in anger.
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