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캐나다, 독일, 북유럽의 신용승차제: 인건비도 절감하고 규제는 지속하고 / 단, 고 신뢰사회에서만 가능 / 오늘날 '선진국'의 진정한 지표는 '신용승차제'를 실행하는 나라들 아닐까

 독일과 비슷하게 신용승차제를 시행해서 기본적으로 탑승시 검표를 하지 않는다. 하지만, 열차나 버스의 운전사가 표의 제시를 요구할 수 있으며 이 때 제대로 된 표가 없는 경우 당연히 벌금이 부과되므로 정직하게 표를 사서 다니자. 하루에 100크로나 아끼려다가 거액의 벌금이 터질 수 있다.


Automated “proof-of-payment” Transit Systems

  • Canada: The first use of a fare system relying on proof-of-payment (POP)—where random ticket inspections replace fare gates—was introduced in Edmonton in 1980 Wikipedia.

  • Northern Europe: Germany adopted POP widely during the 1960s, particularly amid labor shortages during the post-war Economic Miracle Wikipedia. Other countries like Denmark and Norway also follow similar systems today (no fare gates, with random inspections) Reddit.

When Cashless Payments Took Off

Canada:

  • The Interac debit system, enabling nationwide card payments, was launched in 1984. By around 2000, debit cards overtook cash as Canadians’ preferred payment method WIRED+1.

  • A 2017 Bank of Canada survey found cash was used in only about one-third of transactions, down from over half a decade earlier. About 10% of Canadians by then said they were completely “cashless” Bank of Canada.

  • By 2013, 90% of the value of consumer payments in Canada was cashless, and pennies were phased out by February 2013 MM Hayes+1.

Northern Europe (Nordics/Sweden):

  • In Sweden, the transition began in the late 1990s and 2000s. Card terminals surged from about 25,000 in 1993 to nearly 70,000 by 1996 SpringerLink.

  • The concept of “cash-free” bank branches started emerging around 2000–2005, and post-2015 saw almost complete replacement of old banknotes—cash use in retail dropped from 40% in 2010 to around 13% by 2018 Wikipediaworldpay.comWIRED.

  • By 2025, only about 10% of transactions in Sweden use cash; Sweden had largely become cashless, though recent security concerns have revived a limited push to maintain cash access The Guardian.

  • Other Nordic countries like Norway and Sweden have exceptionally low cash usage. For instance, by 2021, only 2–3% of point-of-sale transactions in Norway were cash-based, with very widespread mobile and card payments Zimpler.

Summary Table

RegionProof-of-Payment StartCashless Payment Adoption
CanadaEdmonton, 1980Interac (1984), cash less by ~2000; 90% cashless value by 2013
Northern EuropeGermany in 1960sSweden: card surge late 1990s–2000s; 10% cash use by 2025; Norway: ~2-3% cash by 2021

TL;DR

  • Transit without manual ticket inspection started in Canada (Edmonton) around 1980, and in Northern Europe (Germany) as early as the 1960s.

  • Canada began shifting toward cashless payments in the 1980s (Interac in 1984), becoming largely cashless by the early 2000s.

  • In Northern Europe, especially Sweden and Norway, the move accelerated in the late 1990s–2000s, resulting in a mostly cashless society by the 2010s, with cash usage dropping to single digits by the mid-2020s.

Let me know if you’d like details on a specific country or system!

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