“유럽의 자유 사상은 바이킹에서 왔다.” (몽테스키외)

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikings

Vikings were seafaring people originally from Scandinavia (present-day Denmark, Norway, and Sweden),^[3][4][5][6] who from the late 8th to the late 11th centuries raided, pirated, traded, and settled throughout parts of Europe.^[7][8][9] They also voyaged as far as the Mediterranean, North Africa, the Middle East, Greenland, and Vinland (present-day Newfoundland in Canada, North America). In their countries of origin, and some of the countries they raided and settled in, this period is popularly known as the Viking Age, and the term "Viking" also commonly includes the inhabitants of the Scandinavian homelands as a whole. The Vikings had a profound impact on the early medieval history of northern and Eastern Europe, including the political and social development of England (and the English language)^[10] and parts of France, and established the embryo of Russia in Kievan Rus'.^[11]

Expert sailors and navigators of their characteristic longships, Vikings established Norse settlements and governments in the British Isles, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, Normandy, and the Baltic coast, as well as along the Dnieper and Volga trade routes across Eastern Europe where they were also known as Varangians. The Normans, Norse-Gaels, Rus, Faroese, and Icelanders emerged from these Norse colonies. At one point, a group of Rus Vikings went so far south that, after briefly being bodyguards for the Byzantine emperor, they attacked the Byzantine city of Constantinople.^[12] Vikings also voyaged to Iran^{[13][page needed]} and Arabia.^[14] They were the first Europeans to reach North America, briefly settling in Newfoundland (Vinland). While spreading Norse culture to foreign lands, they simultaneously brought home slaves, concubines, and foreign cultural influences to Scandinavia, influencing the genetic^[15] and historical development of both. During the Viking Age, the Norse homelands were gradually consolidated from smaller kingdoms into three larger kingdoms: Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. 

 

 911년 바이킹에 의해 건설된 노르망디

7~8세기

반카롤링거, 반기독교, 반노예무역 정서의 게르만 위주

주로 프랑스를 공격

야만적이라는 이미지는 샤를마뉴 시대 이후 조작된 것

반달족, 고트족: 필요하면 왕도 폐위

복지정책, 삼권분립 아이디어도 게르만족?

 

오딘의 망치 정의 상징

용기 찬양하는 바이킹 문화

 

911년 바이킹에 의해 건설된 노르망디

고도의 문화양식

노트르담 성당 / 이교도 상징 가득

노트르담 성당만 불에 탔다

19세기에 프랑스 정부가 팔려고 했다

빅트로 위고 노트르담의 꼽추

노트르담 성당은 이교도와 기독교의 화합의 상징

 

성모 마리아 숭배도 바이킹 다신교 특징

다신교는 여신을 주로 특징

 

슬라브: 노예로 거래됨

이 슬라브 노예팔던 유태인들은 '러스'라 불렸다